Definícia a typ elektrickej vykurovacej fólie
The gist of this lecture: Electric heating film is a sub-category in the electric heating product system, and it is a new type of electric heating product. There is no unified definition and classification of electric heating film at present. The author has written a definition of electric heating film and divided electric heating film into four types according to the material of the heating body. This lecture focuses on the definition and classification of electric heating films involved in the standard discussion draft of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development's "Low-temperature Radiation Electric Heating Film", and mainly expounds the definition and classification of electric heating films. The heating materials of four types of electric heating film, such as carbon fiber and polymer", and the corresponding production and processing technology of electric heating film are introduced.
1. Definition of electric heating film
Electric heating film is an electric heating element that directly converts electric energy into heat energy. Like electric heating pipes, electric heating rods, electric heating plates, electric heaters, rice cookers, induction cookers, etc., it is an integral part of a huge family of electric heating products. But the difference is that the electric heating film is still a relatively new product category in China, the application history is only about ten years, and the application field is far less extensive than other electric heating products, so people's knowledge and understanding of the electric heating film have not reached degree of popularity.
Electric heating film, English name "hot film" or "electrothermal film", Japanese name "plane heating body". It is difficult to find the exact definition of electric heating film in textbooks and dictionaries at home and abroad. In the past few years, the definition of electric heating film in China was mostly based on the promotional materials of electric heating film manufacturers, mainly carbon-based printing ink electric heating film, such as: "Electric heating film" The film is a translucent polyester film that can generate heat after being energized. It is made of conductive special ink, metal current-carrying strips, and hot-pressed between insulating polyester films." The name in the project initiation report of the construction industry standard is also "Low Temperature Radiation Polyester Electric Heating Film", which obviously also refers to the carbon-based printing ink electric heating film, which was later changed to "Low Temperature Radiation Electric Heating Film". In recent years, with the technological progress and large-scale production and market application of various types of electric heating films, people have the opportunity to gradually understand and understand various types of electric heating films. one of the issues discussed.
2. Classification of electric heating film
According to incomplete statistics, there are more than a dozen products called electric heating film on the market at present, and there are more than 20 types of electric heating film products in addition to similar products with electric heating film structure and other names. In the 10th issue of "Heating and Refrigeration" in 2006, the author proposed for the first time in China to classify the electric heating film according to the material of the heating element, and divided the electric heating film into "printing ink type, carbon fiber type, metal wire (sheet) type, conductive polymer type. "Material type" and other four types are hereinafter referred to as quartiles). In the "Low Temperature Radiation Electric Heating Film" standard consultation draft, the electric heating film is divided into two categories: metal-based and non-metallic-based (hereinafter referred to as the two-point method), and the non-metal-based electric heating film is subdivided into carbon fiber, carbon-based ink and polymer. Three types.
Nie je žiadny podstatný rozdiel medzi dvoj{0}}bodovou metódou a štvorbodovou{1}} metódou elektrickej vykurovacej fólie, ale elektrická vykurovacia fólia na báze -kovu- je považovaný za prvý stupeň a ostatné tri typy elektrických vykurovacích fólií okrem kovovej základne sa považujú za jeho sekundárny stupeň, teda druhý stupeň. V logickom vzťahu nie je chyba, ale dichotómia zdôrazňuje kovové materiály a oslabuje postavenie iných materiálov, pričom technologický pokrok nových materiálov, vrátane elektrotepelných materiálov, je veľmi rýchly. Týmto spôsobom budú budúce elektrotepelné membrány na -kovovej báze{5}} naďalej pribúdať. Sekundárne typy membrán budú naďalej pribúdať a je nepravdepodobné, že by sa elektrotermické membrány na báze kovu -preklasifikovali na časové obdobie, ktoré bude tvoriť dve kategórie
The serious imbalance of members of the electric heating film family, that is, the non-metal-based electric heating film has a huge family and has even reached the third and fourth levels, while the metal-based electric heating film still has only one member. Moreover, the dichotomy method refers to the classification of infrared radiant heaters by radiation matrix in the national standard "Experimental Methods for Infrared Radiant Heaters" (GB/T7287-2008). The classification of infrared radiant heaters is used for electric heating films, and the classification of infrared radiant heaters itself is also debatable. , for example: "Semiconductor heaters" in the type of non-metallic infrared heaters obviously include "ceramic, enamel, high silicon, zircon sand heaters", etc. "Mylar heater" may of course also be an encapsulated metal-based heat-generating material, that is, a "metal-based heater".
In addition to the above two-point method and four-point method, most of the electric heating film manufacturers name their products from different angles, and some define the electric heating film by covering the insulation material of the electric heating film, such as: polyimide electric heating film, silicon (rubber ) glue electric heating film, mica electric heating film, PET electric heating film; some are defined by the power density of the electric heating film, such as low temperature, medium temperature, high temperature electric heating film; some define the electric heating film by emphasizing the concept of radiant heat, such as: radiant electric heating film, far infrared Electric heating film; some emphasize the particle size of the heating body, such as: nano electric heating film, carbon nano electric heating film; there are also "ecological electric heating film", "electric heating film", which define electric heating from the environmental protection characteristics of electric heating film and the application method of floor heating. membrane. In the past two years, the relatively loud "silicon crystal, carbon crystal electric heating film" and the recently appeared "high (super) carbon crystal electric heating film", which have been commonly called in Shanghai, Sichuan, Chongqing, Wuhan and other places, etc., according to the author's investigation and After communicating with relevant manufacturers, it can be concluded that this type of electric heating film is a carbon fiber electric heating film.
Infračervená vykurovacia trubica z uhlíkových vlákien--Úvod
Úvod do klasifikácie elektrického vykurovania
Definícia a typ elektrickej vykurovacej fólie
Konštrukčný princíp a vlastnosti sieťového pásového sušiča
6-krokové pravidlo pre bezpečné používanie elektrických ohrievačov odolných voči výbuchu ťažkého oleja
Zdravý zmysel pre elektrickú vykurovaciu trubicu
Thermal film". The name of carbon crystal is unscientific.
The author believes that it is more scientific to classify and name the electric heating film with the heating material as the main body, because the heating material determines the characteristics of the electric heating film, and the definition of the electric heating film by the heating material can be used by people with certain science and engineering knowledge and other non-professionals. It is easier to understand and understand the basic characteristics of different types of electric heating films from the root, and it also avoids the attempts of manufacturers to achieve their own goals through vague concepts. Of course, just like the definition of the electric heating film, after the "Low Temperature Radiation Electric Heating Film" standard is approved, the manufacturer will naturally follow the classification of the electric heating film on the standard to name its own products.
Do určitej miery sa obmedzí aj zmätok v klasifikácii termofólií.
Nižšie sú uvedené základné výkonnostné charakteristiky štyroch typov materiálov na ohrev elektrotepelnej fólie, technológie výroby a spracovania a zodpovedajúcej elektrotepelnej fólie, ktoré sa vyskytujú spoločne v dichotomickej metóde a metóde štyroch{0}}bodov. Predstavenie.
Carbon-based printing ink type electric heating film Heating material: graphite, metal powder, metal oxide
Výrobným procesom elektrického vyhrievacieho filmu s tlačiarenskou farbou na báze uhlíka-je premeniť-uvedený vyhrievací materiál spolu s ďalšími plnivami na atrament-ako kašu a kvantitatívne ju vytlačiť na polyester film vopred-spojený s kovovým prúdom-prúžky nesúce (ako elektródy) sieťotlačou. a potom pokrytý polyesterovou fóliou, aby sa vytvorila izolačná štruktúra, preto sa nazýva aj elektrická vykurovacia fólia tlačiarenskej farby. Regulácia výkonu tohto typu elektrickej vykurovacej fólie sa realizuje najmä prostredníctvom zloženia pasty, hrúbky a rozmiestnenia atramentových pásikov.
Technickým jadrom elektrického vyhrievacieho filmu na báze uhlíka-pre tlačiarenskú farbu je technológia výroby a spracovania pasty. V súčasnosti je v Číne veľa výrobcov atramentových pást na báze uhlíka-a viac ako tucet výrobcov-elektrických vykurovacích fólií na báze uhlíkových atramentov. Zahraničným značkám dominujú Spojené štáty americké a Južná Kórea.
Metal heating film Heating material: pure metal or metal alloy material
Výrobný proces elektrickej{0}}elektrickej vykurovacej fólie na báze kovu spočíva v tom, že sa najskôr z kovového materiálu alebo z kovovej zliatiny vykurovacieho prvku vytvorí kovová fólia, tá sa prilepí na polyesterovú fóliu, čím sa vytvorí odporový obvod, a potom sa potiahne s vrstvou polyesterového filmu na vytvorenie izolačnej štruktúry. Bežne používané kovové elektrické vykurovacie materiály sú meď, nikel, meď-nikel, železo-chróm-hliník atď. Rôzne kovy a materiály z kovových zliatin majú rôzny odpor, teda elektrickú vodivosť. Podľa toho je možné zvoliť rôzne kovové vykurovacie materiály a navrhnúť rôzne odporové obvody podľa rôznych pracovných napätí a požiadaviek na výkon na jednotku plochy. Rozdiel v kovových materiáloch tiež priamo ovplyvní výkon vykurovacieho telesa (ako je anti-oxidačná schopnosť)
a náklady.
Carbon fiber heating film Heating material: carbon fiber
Carbon fiber is made of raw material fiber with high carbon content (usually more than 90 percent ), placed in an inert gas, and subjected to thermal stable oxidation at 200-300 degree , carbonization and graphitization at 1000-2000 degree . According to different basic raw materials, carbon fibers can be divided into polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based, pitch-based and viscose-based carbon fibers. Among them, PAN-based carbon fibers account for 90 percent of the world's carbon fiber production. At present, the world's carbon fiber technology is mainly mastered in Japan. , while the production processes of most other carbon fiber companies are still in the process of continuous improvement. The main carbon fiber raw materials used in the production of carbon fiber electric heating film in China
Dovezené od japonskej firmy.
Carbon fiber has high temperature resistance, abrasion resistance, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance. Carbon fiber can be combined with resin, metal, ceramics and other matrices to form a variety of composite materials, which are used in aerospace, automobile, oil drilling, sports and medical equipment and other fields.
Using the conductive properties of carbon fiber to make it into an electric heating material, it can be divided into two types: carbon fiber heating cable and carbon fiber heating film according to the structure of the heating body. Among them, carbon fiber electric heating film is divided into non-uniform linear carbon fiber electric heating film produced by textile process directly using carbon fiber filament (small tow or large tow) as warp or weft through textile process, and the carbon fiber filament is cut into Disturbed short fibers are mixed with pulp to form carbon fiber electric heating paper by papermaking process. Different power densities can be obtained by adjusting the carbon fiber ratio. According to the application and insulation grade requirements, the carbon fiber electric heating film is formed by covering with different insulating materials.
Polymer electric heating film Heating material: conductive polymer material.
Výrobným procesom je najprv syntetizovať funkčné polymérne vodivé kompozitné materiály pomocou rôznych metód molekulárneho dizajnu a rovnomerne potiahnuť vyššie uvedené vodivé polymérové materiály na vopred{0}}vložený elektródový substrát striekaním alebo procesom poťahovania čiarkou, čím sa vytvorí holý elektrický vykurovací film . Polymérna elektrická vykurovacia fólia je tvorená pokrytím rôznymi izolačnými materiálmi.
The polymer electric heatin
g film sa zrodil v Japonsku. Hustota výkonu polymérneho elektrického vykurovacieho filmu sa realizuje úpravou stupňa polymerizácie materiálu vykurovacieho telesa, počtu a podielu kladných a záporných polárnych skupín a počtu voľných nábojov, a nie pridávaním alebo uberaním množstva povlaku.
Although the types of electric heating films are different, they all contain three common parts, such as heating element, electrode and insulating layer. The difference is that the metal-based electric heating film and the carbon-based ink electric heating film are directly hot-pressed between the insulating polyester films, while the carbon fiber and polymer electric heating films are coated with the heating material on the substrate, and then covered with insulating materials.
Different types of electrothermal films have different electrothermal properties and application properties due to their different heating materials and different production and processing techniques, such as: the limit value of power density, the thermal stability and thermal uniformity of the heating element, and the resistance to heat. Oxidation and aging ability, power attenuation, cracking and swelling, etc., and these characteristics directly determine the most suitable application field of the product and the technological requirements for application and construction as a heating element material.